My Proof of Theism

Introduction to Philosophy 200 Spring 2008 My confirmation of Theism Jenny Wiggins In this essay, I plan to give proofs that def oddmenttraditional theism. Traditional theism is delimit by E. K. Daniel in his essay, A Defense of Theism, as on that point comprises a existence, paragon, who has either of the following attributes deity is omnipotent (all postful), omniscient (all-knowing), supremely advanced (omnibenevolent), in mortal, eternal, a macrocosm who possesses all perfections, transcendent to the natural origination, but the cleric of the origination (Daniel, p. 259). I let out it ironic to prove theism in school of thought class.Even Greek philosophers deliberate in a higher power. The indecision that is non always agreed upon is which or what higher power to believe? That being said, since there atomic number 18 views that refute theism, I will besides take some of these billets and try to find their weakness. The first classical phone line that I wil l put forth to argue the existence of theology is the first cause aim excessively kn own as the cosmologic argument. This argument simply says that every thing has a cause, so if we proceed backwards to find every cause,we would never be able to stop.This is unintelligible. For one to think roughly it noeticly there essentialiness be a first cause, a cause that in itself is uncaused. This uncaused being we will call divinity. Therefore, God exists. The first cause argument proposes that the universe is finite, which center it is limited, and to think of it as infinite would be unintelligible. It also says that the universe is contingent, by stating that each thing in it has a cause. Since the universe could not deplete caused itself, there must(prenominal) something uncaused that caused the universe.Daniel reformulates the first cause (cosmological) argument this way P1 Everything in the universe is finite. P2 Whatever is finite is limited. P3 Hence, some(prenominal) i s limited sightnot be the cause of its own existence. P4 Everything in the universe is contingent. P5 Whatever is contingent is dependent on something else for its existence. P6 Hence, whatever is contingent cannot be the cause of its own existence. P7 The totality of things making up the universe is also finite and contingent. P8 Thus, the totality (universe) must also find a cause for its existence.P9 Since it cannot be the cause of its own existence, the cause must be something external to the universe. P10 That is, since the universe cannot contain the power for its existence at heart itself, the reason for its existence must be something external to it. P11 Hence, there must exist an infinite and self-subsistent (non-contingent) being who is the cause of the universe. P12 Un like that which is finite and contingent, much(prenominal) a being must exist inevitably. P13 Such a being is commonly called God. determination Therefore, there exists an infinite, necessary, and un caused cause God (Daniel, p. 68). A question to this argument may be Do the attributes of finite and contingent, referring to the universe, necessarily need an uncaused being to go through created its existence? The very definitions of finite and contingent rationally conclude, yes. If the claim that an infinite sequence of causes was untrue the universe would possibly not exist at all, because if even one of those causes were interpreted out all succeeding causes would cease to exist. I would also like to take a look at another classical argument which is the form argument also known as the teleological argument.The design argument says that the universe is created in such a way that everything is designed and adapted for a purpose (Daniel, p. 261). The fact that the universe and everything in it mootms to be put there in an orderly fashion with things working together in order to give purpose and produce a fashion to an end, suggests that there was a maker. Consider my arg ument in defense of the teleological argument below P1 If we examine an automobile of any kind, we can specify that each part has a purpose and design. P2 We can also see that there is an order and complexity.P3 We find that the parts argon arranged in such a way that they will operate together in order for us to drive the automobile. P4 This is certainly turn out of rationality and design. Conclusion Hence, there exists a rational being that designed and brought the automobile into being. Daniel defends the teleological argument by reformulating it in this way P1 Look out at the universe and the things within it. P2 The universe also shows evidence of design and purpose. P3 We feel orderliness and intricacy. P4 More importantly, we find purposiveness a marvelous adaptation of opines to ends.P5 An example of such purposeful adaptation is the existence of devil sexes for the end of procreation or the structure of the eye for the end of seeing. P6 All this is also evidence of rat ionality and design. P7 Hence, there must exist a rational being who designed and brought the universe into existence. Conclusion That is, there must exist a Cosmic Designer God (Daniel, 269). An remonstrance to the teleological argument could be This earth is not well made there atomic number 18 plenty of things that do not have adaptation of means to ends.An account for this is even though it seems that something does not have purpose for one reason or another it does, but we cannot understand it. Yet another objection may be can we hypothesize that in order to have something of an intricate design that there had to be an intelligent maker? The swear out would be yes because a designer cannot make something intelligent by not being so himself. Last but not least I would like to look at the moral argument. This argument states that commonwealth have a sense of moral debt instrument, a feeling to do what is peachy and right, coming from outside of them.There is no explanation for the sense of pass with flying colorsmoral obligation that a person feels other than there is a moral faithfulness giver transcendent of the universe. Therefore, such a moral law giver, God, must exist. Hu cosmos needs and behavior do not explain the achieve sense of obligation to do what is right or moral (Daniel, p. 261). fritter for example the missionaries sense of obligation to do whatever is in their power humanly and spiritually to help others that they do not even know. The missionaries may possibly risk their very own lie withs by entering a violent situation just by feeling a complete moral obligation to do so.Another example may be of p atomic number 18nts that forgive a murderer who has murdered their only child and they are unable to conceive a new child. These instances are examples of the moral argument. Our doing of honest works and deeds by complete moral obligation that is matte up to come from outside of ourselves at the forfeit of our own happiness mak es no sense unless there is something outside of this universe that fastens us to do so, I believe that that compelling force is God. An objection to the moral argument would beCouldnt our parents have simply brought us up to do what is virtuously right? It is not a sense in that one can be taught but a complete sense that will not fail. The decision we make may go against what we are taught as children. I will now take a look at the task of unworthy which is near frequently used in the argument against theism. In H. J. McCloskeys essay, God and detestation, he states the line in this way, Evil is a problem for the theist in that a contradiction is involved in the fact of evil on the one hand, and the belief in the omnipotence and perfection of God on the other.God cannot be both all-powerful and dead good if evil is real. An argument can be formulated to repel the existence of God in the following way P1 God is a being that is both all-powerful and perfectly good. P2 An al l-powerful being could reach all evil. P3 A perfectly good being would eliminate all the evil it has the power to eliminate. P4 Evil exists in the world. P5 Therefore, there is no being that is both all-powerful and perfectly good (McCloskey, p. 328).An argument that would refute the problem of evil is as follows P1 Evil is necessary to appreciate goodness. P2 Evil is unreal. P3 Evil is necessary for the goodness of the world. The world is made better by the evil in it. P4 Evil is not due to God but to mans misuse of the free will that God gave him (McCloskey & Hick, 332 &347). With regards to the latter of these two arguments one might think of the analogy of having something that you think is not good, losing it, and indeed realizing that what you hadwasnt so bad in the first place.Most people learn lessons from the hardships that they face in life and go on to live an even better life. Man does not always make the most rational decisions in his life and those bad decisions usua lly have consequences. This is no evidence that there is not an all-powerful and perfectly good God. K. D. Ellis refutes theism in his essay, Why I Am an Agnostic, on the grounds that there are no good reasons, meaning no reliable empirical evidence or sound rational arguments, to believe that there is a God (Ellis, p. 296).He suggests that the classical arguments that are stated in Daniels essay, may offer some support for the plausibility of the belief in a god, but they are not sufficiently strong enough to compel our assent to the conclusion that a god exists. He also says that there is no knowledge in the statement, God exists (Ellis, p. 297). However, Ellis also refutes atheism because of the philosophical atheists main arguments flaw which is as follows P1 There is no good reason for anyone to believe that God exists. Conclusion Therefore, God does not exist.This way of arguing is an argument of ignorance. To say I know what you mean by the ideal of God as a transcendent ent ity, but, he does not exist. This argumentis fallacious. This is Ellis reason for refuting atheism (Ellis, p. 298). Ellis instead makes his stand with agnosticism, because there are no good arguments for Gods existence or refuting Gods existence. Both claims cannot be trueas he states, I have tried to show that we cannot know which is true. Therefore, he takes the position of traditional agnosticism (Ellis, p. 301).