Immanuel Kant And Mary Wollstonecraft - 888 Words

What it takes to be free does not necessarily mean escaping tangible shackles that binds around our wrists and ankles, but this could be removing the limitations that are put on specific people based on their status or gender. Immanuel Kant (1784) approaches the theme of ‘being free’ in ‘An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?’ that is about reaching a psychological state, which is to able express and act freely without being guided by the monarchy. However, Mary Wollstonecraft’s (1792) ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Woman’ conveys ‘being free’ as giving females identical opportunities and treatments that males receive. Although both these authors approach what it takes to be free in their respective texts, however, they discuss about separate matters regarding this topic. There are many viewpoints of ‘being free’ and the measures it takes for these restrictions to be removed for freedom. Immanuel Kant and Mary Wollstonecraft represent a separate matter of individuals being restricted within a boundary. They both stand for a particular group of people that exists within the world. Kant believes that the human population subconsciously feel that they have no ‘reason’ to express their emotions or think independently, and as a result they develop a fear of being criticised or judged upon in society by those who hold great power. He proposes that a person needs to gain ‘courage’ that is a requirement of ‘Enlightenment’ to think and act freely, but expressing one’sShow MoreRelatedBoundless Lack Of Freedom And Inferiority848 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, which in turn caused inequality, a lack of freedom and inferiority to occur. Immanuel Kant (2016) explores and deconstructs the notion of enlighten ment in ‘An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?† by claiming that people with power cause fear in others, which has created a society that has restrictions and rules to control and ‘guide’ the general public. On the other hand, Mary Wollstonecraft (2016) highlights the inferior status that has been imposed upon women by those with powerRead MoreUpdating Motherhood: Science and the Enlightenment of Women4934 Words   |  20 Pageseducation, vocational education, domestic education and social education (Whitehead, 1999:xiii) the very domains of the home where even men would often acknowledge that a good primary education had to being. Even the father of the Enlightenment, Immanuel Kant, seemed to struggle with the results he helped to unleash. For his works would continue to carry demonstrably sexist (and even racist) comments that suggested that he was not so comfortable with the release of the freedom of women into the revolutionRead More enlight enment revolution Essay709 Words   |  3 Pagescourageous. Many were persecuted or even exiled for their works. Most however didn’t directly encourage rebellion but rather reform from the ruler’s influence by their ideas. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A British writer of the time named Mary Wollstonecraft had an impact mammoth in proportion. She aggressively, and intelligently argued against the oppression of women in society. Education was the foothold of this argument. She stated that without properly educated women they couldn’t be morallyRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - The Individual and Society Essay1923 Words   |  8 PagesFrankenstein: The Individual and Society      Ã‚  Ã‚   The creatures ambiguous humanity has long puzzled readers of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. In this essay I will focus on how Frankenstein can be used to explore two philosophical topics, social contract theory, and gender roles, in light of ideas from Shelleys two philosophical parents, William Godwin, and Mary Wollstonecraft.    What Does it Mean to be Human? Individual and Society    One historically important tradition in socialRead MoreSociology: The Study of Humanity Essay1480 Words   |  6 Pagesalternative view of humanity based upon rational thinking and empirically based sciences. It is clear that some of these thinkers were what we might now judge to be sociologists, men like Adam Ferguson and Comte De Montequeiue; women such as Mary Wollstonecraft. But sociology proper was to arrive later. For the term sociology is not coined until after the second great event of the 18th century; the French Revolution. For the French Revolution, had shaken not just France and the rest of Europe toRead More The Ethics of Feminism Essay4570 Words   |  19 Pages Feminism fed extensively on analyses of the complex systems of economic exchange, which ensured women’s domination by the shadow work of the home (Okin 228-229), social forces, which prepared women for domestic life and intellectual failure (Wollstonecraft 2-6), and the circulation of ideological symbols, which made women’s very identities tools of oppression (Collins 69-96). Against these systems and instances of domination, feminists rally for what is â€Å"morally right†. But what if the very conceptRead MoreEssay on The Rise of European Secularism in the 19th Century2007 Words   |  9 Pagessignificant divergence from traditional church doctrine. Enlightenment philosophers, like Voltaire, railed ag ainst organized theocracies and argued that religion prevented rational inquiry while it endorsed repression, tyranny and war. The philosophy of Immanuel Kant, who sought, â€Å"liberation of the human mind from the dogmatic state of ignorance,† had a major impact on the future ideology of revolutionaries.4 It was Enlightenment ideas which challenged people to question religious orthodoxy and use their ownRead MoreThe Enlightenment Philosophers: What Was Their Main Idea2373 Words   |  10 Pages(1670-1729) Diderot, Denis (1713-1784) Franklin, Benjamin (1706-1790) Hume, David (1711-1776) Johnson, Samuel (1709-1784) Locke, John (1632-1704) Kant, Immanuel (1724-1804) Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727) Paine, Thomas (1737-1809) Pope, Alexander (1688-1744) Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712-1778) Swift, Jonathan (1667-1745) Voltaire (1694-1778) Wollstonecraft, Mary (1759-1797)Read MoreThe Eighteenth Century : Age Of Enlightenment2647 Words   |  11 Pageseveryone? Popular Religion in the 18 Century Catholic Piety: Protestant revivalism: Pietism Wesley and Methodism: †¢ Held gatherings to discuss ideas of philosophy -French woman, distinguished in France and Europe †¢ 1784: Immanuel Kant: man’s leaving his self-caused immaturity and inability to use intelligence without guidance †¢ Scientific Revolution: reason, natural law, hope, progress †¢ Ideas spread to educated Europeans by popularizers †¢ Bernard de Fontenelle (1657-1757)Read MoreLiberal Perspective of a State7979 Words   |  32 Pagestheir sociopolitical arrangements, and the universalist element affirms the moral unity of the human species and marginalizes local cultural differences. The meliorist element has been the subject of much controversy, defended by thinkers such as Immanuel Kant, who believed in human progress, while suffering from attacks by thinkers such as Rousseau, who believed that human attempts to improve themselves through social cooperation would fail. Describing the liberal temperament, Gray claimed that it has

The Effects Of Video Games On Children - 1865 Words

The Effects of Video Games Normally when a child acts out, misbehaves, or shows violence people might try and link this bad behavior to something in the child’s life. Video games are often the target for such accusations. It makes sense that with all of the violent content television and video games have to offer with shows like Game of Thrones or games like Grand Theft Auto, that it is no wonder children show signs of violence, right? Then why does developmental psychologist Dr. Marilyn Price Mitchell disagree that video games are the sole cause of violence in children? Video games have many times been linked to violence in children; however, studies have shown that they may have more of a positive influence than one might think. Video games are not to be blamed for violent behavior in children because the potentially negative effect they have could be avoided by simply educating children about the bad content featured on certain games. Many times people argue that video games create or promote violent behavior in children. While this may be partially true, there are in fact children who can separate fantasy from reality and not dwell on the emotional effects of the game when it is over. I am someone who puts in anywhere from 12 to 30 hours a week during the school year, and even more over the summer, on video games and I have not exhibited any violent behavior to anyone. In fact, I have never been in a physical fight or hit anyone. I have played games such as Dead Space,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Video Games On Children Essay1279 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Video games have always been a controversial type of entertainment, that may come from how relatively new video games are compared to other mediums of entertainment[1]. Maybe because of that when a violent crime occurs and the culprit has played a lot of games the media is quick to point at violent games as the reason for the crime, but is that true or are the media just biased or looking for quick views, this report aims to answer that question. Do games affect our way of thinkingRead MoreEffects Of Video Games On Children Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesScreening to a halt: Are parents in New Zealand able to identify signs of dependency or addiction in their children due to over use of screen-time from the recreational use of video games? Digital technology and the vast amount of video games have increased the amount of screen time consumption in contemporary New Zealand society. The saturation of smart phones, ipad’s, tablets, computers, game consoles and the Internet are devices with the means of connection to gaming. Many New Zealand families integrateRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Video Games on Children Technology today has progressed rapidly from generation to generation. Children and young adults are both into video games and the latest gadgets out there. Video games have been available to customers for the last 30 years. They are a unique way to entertain individuals because they encourage players to become a part of the games script. Victor Strasburger an author of â€Å"Children, Adolescents, and the media† stated â€Å"The rising popularity of video games hasRead MoreThe Effects of Video and Video Games on Children2043 Words   |  8 Pagesaction, usually in a cartoon, movie, or video game. For many of us, Disney is where we refer back to early forms of animation with the idea of using thousands of consecutive drawings; through Disney, we can now see how far this idea of breathing life into static objects has advanced. Today, animation is becoming more and more realistic. With highly advanced technology and computer programs, it has become easier for simple cartoons to develop into what children see as real life. These animated cartoonsRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1548 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Games Introduction Today video games are a staple in most households. It is pretty amazing to know that the first creation of games date all the way back to the 1900s. They were not originally invented to make a profit, but to give patients something to do while waiting in the lobby of an office. One inventor had a simple idea of using the monitor not just as a television set, but as a way to play games. College students were just playing around with equipment and happened upon something greatRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children927 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games are a more interesting form of entertainment for the simple reason that players may become part of the game’s plot. Video games were invented for many years now. However, the current variety of games raised concerns about how they affect the children s behavior due to the fact that the games are becoming more sophisticated. Children spend most of their free time playing video games. Sometimes children refrain from completi ng important duties and dedicate all of their time playing videoRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children940 Words   |  4 Pageswas bored they went outside to play, they created new games, or they played with friends. But, for the past three decades, video games and other digital media have been persuading many adolescents and children to spend the majority of their time playing them. Video games seem to satisfy children’s natural need to interact socially, however more often than not, they lead to social isolation. Overexposure to digital media, such as video games is detrimental to the health and function of a child’sRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On Children1519 Words   |  7 PagesVideo games in the 21st century have transformed from friendly competing into guns, explosions, and major violence. Video games are getting away with more violence every year and the games are becoming more extreme. The consistence and severity of violence is at an a ll-time high leading the most popular games in the gaming community to have a ‘mature’ rating due to the considerable amount of violence involved. For example, one of the highest selling video games of all time grossing one billion itsRead MoreThe Effects of Video Games on Children1656 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction For more than 30 years, video gaming has been a popular activity amongst many of America’s children. With over $63 billion (Reuters, reuters.com) worth sold each year, video games are here to stay. While much controversy has arisen over the subject, video games have benefited the United States of America and its citizens to a great degree. For example, the military and CIA use gaming to train soldiers (Davidson, www.ehow.com), and classrooms use video games to teach students. The potentialRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Children1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe world of today has developed in a way that even children are affected by technology. They enjoy video games in their leisure time and even prefer them to studying that, in its turn, can contribute to their poor performance in the class. These days, video games have become an issue that has brought concern to many people from parents to scholars about their potential effect on the future of children through influenci ng their conduct. They feel that the violent behavior or any other negative consequence

Comparing Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress and John...

Andrew Marvell’s To His Coy Mistress and John Donne’s Flea Andrew Marvell and John Donne both wrote â€Å"carpe diem† poetry full of vivid imagery and metaphysical conceits. This message can be clearly seen in the poems To His Coy Mistress by Marvell and Donne’s Flea. Though both poems take a similar approach to the topic addressed, it is Marvell that writes more thoughtfully and carefully, coercing instead of Donne’s seemed demanding\begging. The speaker in â€Å"Coy Mistress† is trying to convince his woman of choice that it is much better to have sex now than to save her virginity for the future. Why save it until they are married? The man wants to experience the pleasure now. Marvell’s message here seems to be that instead of†¦show more content†¦But the narrator stays determined, and proceeds to show how insignificant sex is, just as it was to kill the flea. The rhyme scheme of â€Å"Mistress† follows a standard rhyming couplet pattern, though a few of the lines are irregular. Lines 23 and 24 rhyme lie with eternity, and lines 27 and 28 rhyme try with virginity. It is interesting to note that lie rhymes with try, just as eternity rhymes with virginity. Marvell used this technique to change up the systemic flow of the rest of the poem. By doing this, the symbolism present have a greater impact on the reader. Images of deserts of vast eternity and virginity together instill the idea that it will be difficult to prolong virginity. Marvell uses spondaic meter as well as iambic tetrameter. Shall sound, the last two words of line 26, are both stressed. Rough Strife, the last words of line 43, are also both stressed. The use of spondee helps to switch up the tempo of the poem and also fits the context of the lines. Lines 39-41 deal with time: Rather at once our time devour, Than languish in his slow-chapped power. Let us roll all our strength and all These lines actually produce the effect of slowing time down. Languish in his slow-chapped power† when spoken out-loud, the line reads almost as if it were in slow motion. Line 41 is almost entirely composed of stressed feet, requiring the reader to speak slowly as well. AllShow MoreRelated The Poetry of Andrew Marvell and John Donne Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesThe Poetry of Andrew Marvell and John Donne The seventeenth century was an era of beautiful poetry. Two poets in particular, Andrew Marvell and John Donne, wrote carpe diem poetry full of vivid imagery and metaphysical conceits. Each conveyed the message of living for the now. This message can be clearly seen in the poems To his Coy Mistress by Marvell and Donne’s Flea. By using clever metaphors and meter, the poems not only are symbolic, but have almost a physical aspect to them. ThoughRead MoreMetaphysical Poems792 Words   |  4 PagesMetaphysical Poets John Donne and Andrew Marvell were considered metaphysical poets based on their use of conceit and wit in depicting similar situations through different metaphors. They would use original analogies to create fitting and insightful comparisons, usually to persuade. John Donne and Andrew Marvell have been called metaphysical poets. This is a,† name given to a group of English lyric poets of the 17th century† (Metaphysical poets)† The term metaphysical poets came to be used almostRead More Love in The Flea and To his Coy Mistress Essay2087 Words   |  9 PagesLove in The Flea and To his Coy Mistress Compare the ways John Donne in his poem The Flea and Andrew Marvell in his poem To his Coy Mistress present the theme of love. Donne and Marvell’s poems have both similarities and differences, as they both present the theme of love in an unconventional way and dwell on it superficially. This can be seen by the way in which both authors show their views on love, though are clearly just using them as attempts to seduce their mistresses, who are clearlyRead MoreMetaphysical Poetry By John Donne1590 Words   |  7 Pageswho wrote his book which is known as ‘’Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets’’, Henry Vaughan, Andrew Marvel, Richard Crashaw, George Herbert and finally who was the main founder, John Donne. John Donne (1572 - 1631), the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry, lived and wrote during the succeeding reigns of Elizabeth I, James 1 and Charles I. His early life was passed in dissipation and roguery, much occupied with secret love-making, elopement, imprisonment, and lawsuit over his marriageRead More Love in To His Coy Mistress, Shall I Compare Thee, Let Me Not, and The Flea3166 Words   |  13 Pagesin To His Coy Mistress, Shall I Compare Thee, Let Me Not, and The Flea The four poems I am going to be comparing are, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress,† â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee,† â€Å"Let Me Not,† and â€Å"The Flea.† All four of these poems are based on the subject matter of love. The four poems have a lot in common but each poem touches a different aspect of love. Two of the poems, â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee†, and â€Å"Let Me Not†, are sonnets and both were written by Shakespeare. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† is writtenRead More The Flea by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell6621 Words   |  27 PagesThe Flea by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell The Flea by John Donne is written in the 17th century as is To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvell. This we can see by the language used which was typical of that period in time apt to kill me and yea which are taken from the flea. Both poems also speak of virginity being very important, especially before marriage because if a woman had lost her maidenhead before, the husband would have the right to leave her without

BP Oil Spill Crisis Essay - 978 Words

BP Oil Spill Crisis The Deepwater Horizon was a nine year old, ultra-deepwater, dynamically positioned, semi-submersible, offshore drilling rig built in South Korea. In 2008, British Petroleum (BP) leased it from Transocean to drill for oil in the Gulf Coast. In September 2009, the rig drilled the deepest oil well in history at a depth of 35,055-feet. On April 20, 2010 while drilling the rig exploded at 9:45PM (CST), killing eleven workers and injuring seventeen others. It was caused when methane gas from the well shot all the way up and out of the drill column, expanded onto the platform then ignited and exploded. The explosion then led the rig to burn, with the resulting fire unable to be extinguished 2 days later it sinked leaving†¦show more content†¦This disaster of the BP oil spill has caused many deaths: 64 mammals, 2,919 birds, and 489 sea turtles according to National Wildlife Federation and these numbers are going to continue to rise year after year till all the oil is cleaned up. Al so, the Gulf is home to endangered species. Kemp’s ridley sea turtles are currently listed as endangered, and could go to threatened in the next couple years. Another example is the Bluefin Tuna which is labeled as endangered and could send them to extinction due to the massive oil spill. This is one dire effect that is hurting our ecosystem, and this same instance happened in Alaska with the Exxon Valdez oil spill. A great example of how gruesome the oil has taken on wildlife, look at Fig. B where a there is an oil-soaked pelican. I believe the world should change its main source of oil to a different less destructing fuel. Another effect from the BP oil spill it’s jeopardizing the Gulf’s billion-dollar fishing and shrimping industry. With the Gulf accounting for 40-percent of North Americans seafood, it is the second largest seafood producing area after Alaska, and it’s effecting incomes for thousands. The high loss of seafood is going to change the way many people eat and increase prices because of the shortages. Also, many small fishers have filed for bankruptcy causing high stress. Captain William Allen-Kruse was so depressed with the loss of business he shot and killed himself afterShow MoreRelatedThe Bp Oil Spill Crisis1879 Words   |  8 Pagesuse British Petroleum’s (BP) Oil Spill in the Gulf Coast during 2010. The BP Oil Spill was a crisis and the BP company responded to the event with socially responsible leadership style. We ultimately chose it because it was interesting. When it came to research, we all tried to find different articles on our own to get some general knowledge on the spill. On the first day, we tried to compare our findings to make sure everyone had a basic understanding of the BP Oil Spill. Then, we all did our researchRead MoreBp s ( British Petroleum ) Oil Spill Crisis2060 Words   |  9 Pages(British Petroleum) oil spill crisis in 2010. It is British multinational oil and Gas Company, their headquarter is based on London, England. According to PFC Energy, it is the fifth-largest company in the world measured by revenues in 2012, and the sixth-largest in oil and gas industry if measured by production in 2012. BP’s annual report states that as of December 2013, BP operates in approximately 80 countries. On April 20, 2010 the explosion and sinking of Deepwater Horizon oil rig happened, itRead MoreDear Ceo And Board Of Trustees Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pagesand Board of Trustees Introduction As you are aware, on April 20, 2010, explosions occurred in the Gulf of Mexico sinking the Deepwater Horizon oil rig and tragically killed 11 people This oil spill is now considered the worst oil spill in United States history. During the search and rescue, an underwater camera was discovered which revealed a leak in the BP pipeline. Because the well is located approximately 5,000 feet beneath the deep, dark sea with temperatures just above freezing and extremelyRead MoreThe Spill Of The Bp Oil Spill1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe BP Oil Spill began on April 20, 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico after the BP leased, Transocean owned, Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded, killing 11 and injuring 17 of the 126 crew members. The explosion also sank the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig triggering a massive oil spill that would last for 87 days and leak 4.9 billion barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. After the explosion, BP and the federal government enlisted the best minds in the country an d worked tirelessly to come up withRead MoreBP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill 905 Words   |  4 PagesCASE STUDY- MINI CASE: BP GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL CASE SUMMARY 1. In a narrative format, summarize the key facts and issues of the case. In the case of the BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill, we examine the effects of an organization not being prepared for this particular crisis. The world scrutinized the actions, inactions, and the human decisions made by BP that led to a major catastrophic crisis. The organization was not prepared for a crisis of this magnitude. Our text stated that this type of negligenceRead MoreBp : The Third Largest Energy Company Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesBP, known as British Petroleum until it rebranded to Beyond Petroleum in 2000, is the third largest energy company in the world. BP has operations on six continents, located in over 80 countries, with its main headquarters located in London, UK. Its largest operating division is BP America, which is located in Houston, Texas. The Deepwater Horizon was a semi-submersible offshore drilling rig owned by Transocean. Built in 2001 in South Korea by Hyundai Heavy Industries the rig was leased to BP fromRead MoreA Neo Aristotelian Analysis Of Presi dent Obama s Oval Office Address On Bp Oil Spill Energy 1613 Words   |  7 PagesRhetorical Criticism 2 October 2015 A Neo-Aristotelian Analysis of President Obama’s: Oval Office Address on BP Oil Spill Energy On June 15, 2010, President Barack Obama formally addresses the Deepwater Horizon oil spill to inform people of his plans to contain the oil spill and the nation s need for clean energy. The purpose of this paper is to analyze President Obama’s speech on the BP oil spill using Foss’ neo-Aristotelian method of rhetorical criticism, by which I will reconstruct the context ofRead MoreBeyond Petroleum ( Bp )1192 Words   |  5 PagesBeyond Petroleum (BP) formerly British Petroleum is a company that claims to be devoted to finding new energy sources with little impact on the environment. Ferrell, Fraderich, and Ferrell, explain in their Business Ethics textbook in 2012 that after several environmental tragedies in the mid-to late 2000’s, the company had to reassess their ethical standards and make changes to repair their image and regain the confidence of their stakeholders. During this time, they began investing in wind, solarRead MoreThe Leadership Style of Succes sful Leaders1019 Words   |  4 Pagesthis report, I highlight the dominant leadership style in BP, one of the worlds largest oil and gas companies. The Selected Leader and his Leadership Style According to Yahoo Finance (2012, n.p.), BP p.l.c. provides fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, lubricants to engines and petrochemicals products. The companys current Chief Executive Officer is Robert W. Dudley. Mr. Dudley took over from Tony Howard whose tenure at BP came to an end two years ago amidst one of the worst disastersRead MoreThe Exploration Of The British Petroleum Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pagesproducers of oil and gas in the world. Headquartered in London, England it is one of only seven â€Å"supermajors† in the production of petroleum, in fact its performance in 2012 made it the sixth largest producer in its field and by market capitalization. It is also considered a vertically integrated company which operates in all areas of oil production including exploration, refining, distribution, and marketing. It has also recently expanded into biofuels and wind power. [2] A crisis for BP began in the

Buddhism A Spiritual Journey - 1420 Words

Buddhism began with Siddharta Gautama in the 6th century B.C.E., he was originally Hindu but formed Buddhism when he saw the four sights of an old man, a sick man, a dead man, and an amendicant. He feels that was his sign to go for a spiritual journey. He tries Jainism and performs asceticism, extreme fasting. Gautama felt there should be something more than Jainism. After eating, he sits under the Bodhi Tree and becomes enlightened with the idea of Buddhism. The Sutra is the book of teachings for Buddhists like a bible to a Christian. He makes the four noble truths that life involves suffering, suffering is from desire, to end suffering you must end craving, and to end craving you must follow the 8-fold path. The 8-fold path is a way to†¦show more content†¦Since I arrived early, I took a walk around the temple and its ground. The smell of flowers filled the air from the incense they were burning. Incense sticks are burned to release the good smell from the lotus flower to offer the gods and pay respect to the Buddha along with clearing the sky. Buddha statues and lotus flowers were around the entire temple and land. The lotus flower represents purity, spiritual awakening, and faithfulness to the Buddhists. Before entering any part of the holy buildings, you must take your shoes off because shoes have a lot of filth on them, they do not want to make their temple dirty also, and they want to preserve the floors as long as they can. When entering the temple I noticed there were no pews, there were only cushions and small tables lined up. Siddhartha Gautama was in the middle of the stage and was the largest statue, since he is the founder for their religion. Apples were placed in front of him as an offer to tell him how blessed they are for all that they have. Observing the people walking around I noticed that some wore monastic robes of a grayish color and a tan color. Wearing the robes represented the monks promise to live a life without materialistic ways of the society. They choose to live as simple as they can; also the Master and his monk shave their heads to not give into vanity but to remain simple. When the service began, I sat off to the

Monitoring Information Security Risks †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Monitoring Information Security Risks. Answer: Introduction: The proper uses of information technology mainly done as unavoidable to do the formation of different issues that mainly related with the security and privacy of VIC Government. It also discussed that the Victorian Government mainly needs the proper development of different concise and improved processes so that it can easily deals with all risks factors. Apart from that, it also discussed about the formation of operations that directly implies all smart processing and effective processes in the organization (Xu Dinev, 2012). Below is the diagram that mainly shows different risks factors that related with the risk operations of VIC Government: The picture of concern and risk analysis of Victorian Government mainly showed the uses of proper Information System to do the implication and management of different advanced processes. Some of the components of VIC Government include VIC Government, Security requirements, Security threats, Risk Assessment and different vulnerabilities (Garrick Hall, 2014). VIC Government: the Victorian Government mainly symbolizes about both the members and users of Government that mainly uses about information system and also implies about the increase rate of different related operations efficiency (United Nations, 2012). However, the system development also eases all related operations of organization as well as their suggestions that mainly helps to have improvement in performance of organization (Jain Shanbhag, 2012). Information System: The information system mainly implies to integrate the proper development of different related operations that mainly helps to form an efficient information processing. Moreover, the system processing mainly results to employ better processing of data as well as information for the proper guidance of effective flow of information (Boyle, 2012). Apart from that, the system processing mainly implies to form better data processing as well as development (Wangwe, Eloff Venter, 2012). Risk Factors: Different types of risk factors that mainly affect the information processing of information within the organization network. Both the vulnerabilities and threats that mainly results to the integration of different developmental operational issues of organization. Joseph (2012) discussed that the security control system of VIC Government mainly includes about the formation of systematic control based on issues and errors. All types of threats and vulnerabilities causes some serious effect on developmental issues related to the functionalities of Victorian Government. The system requirement causes some serious errors depending on the growth factors of smart as well as effective operations (Karokola, Kowalski Yngstrm, 2013). Apart from that, it also discussed about system errors, privacy interference as well as data thefts become some factors of security threats of organizational development (Sitaram Manjunath, 2012). It also discussed about improved as well as effectiv e procedures that mainly caused more influence based on the obstacles of different risks factors. External and Internal Risks: all types of risks, vulnerabilities and threats mainly forms development of different issues that mainly helps to form various important operations occurred in an organization. Some risks of the information system of Victorian Government are mainly get categorized in both internal and external risks (Ofgem, 2012). Collier and Lakoff (2015) elaborated that internal risks are mainly developed from different types of internal vulnerabilities and threats like spamming, technical risks, un-authorized access, Denial of Services etc. All these risks factors mainly imply different technical errors in the organization operation system. On the other hand, external risks take account of different cyber criminal activities as well as different user generated technical errors (Karokola, Kowalski Yngstrm, 2013). All the errors are mainly occurred outside of system and also results of the formation of threats to system development. Risk Assessment: the risk assessment mainly helps in the development process of security risk management. It also implies for the development of smart risk analysis to form both smart processing and effective analysis of information (van Deursen, Buchanan Duff, 2013). Apart from that, Garrick and Hall (2014) pointed out that risk assessment mainly consists of different evaluation techniques, documentation analysis, and different risks identification techniques. All risk assessment techniques mainly involves the occurrence of improved processes as well as designing techniques (Amin, Schwartz Hussain, 2013). The evaluation and analysis of all risks factors mainly helps to form combined operations in VIC Government. Categorization of Risks and Identification of the Exposure Area All types of risks are mainly categorised in different types of internal and external risk factors that mainly helped to develop proper analysis of risk assessment. It also discussed that the VIC Government mainly deployed information processing techniques to form different improved processes of data processing (Fan, Zhang Yen, 2014). On the other hand, in the organization it mainly occurs different risks assessment factors of VIC Government like potential risk, malware, vulnerabilities, security risks, data thefts, phishing, and spamming, un-authorized access etc (Choi, Chun Cho, 2014). Some the risks are mainly categorised in medium-high, medium-low as well as low risk exposure. Risk Type Description Example High risk exposure areas The high risk exposure areas mainly creates vital and significant impacts on all VIC Government operations. The high risk exposure areas are given more priority to be rectified and treated in the operational system of project (Al-ahmad Mohammad, 2014). Different privacy concerns, data theft, security vulnerabilities, are some example of high risk exposure areas. Medium risk exposure areas In this type, it mainly helps to form different risk factors that mainly causes medium impact on different information system operations. All the types of risk exposure areas are considered with medium priority to develop and sort contingency plans. These types of areas are mainly be treated with the decrease in impact of different operations of VIC Government Information System (Zhao, Xue Whinston, 2013). Malwares, Intrusion, Design errors, and technical errors are the medium risk exposure areas Medium low risk exposure areas This medium low risk exposure areas are less causing factor that mainly causes impact on the Information Processing unit of VIC Government (Al-Hadadi Al Shidhani, 2013). This particular area is mainly given with less priority to be delivered of solution and processing. denial of service, spamming, different minor issues are the example of medium low risk exposure areas. Low risk exposure areas This area causes very minimal influence that causes impact on different operations of information processing unit of VIC Government. All risk factors processing mainly considered minimal time as well as the impact also causes very least (Demski, Poortinga Pidgeon, 2014). The Social engineering generated errors and the user generated errors are the low risk exposure areas. Comparison and Ranking of Threats Jain and Shanbhag (2012) highlighted that the accidental threat mainly have no proper causes for related operations of organization. In case of accidental threats, it mainly formed due to some different errors and mistakes that mainly caused without the consent of any personnel. Accidental threats can get sorted by taking pre-measures based on different operations occurred in Victorian Government. Apart from that, accidental threats mainly get caused due to both external as well as internal issues (Boyle, 2012). On the other side, Choi, Chun and Cho (2014) discussed that the type of deliberate threats mainly caused due to the involvement of different external influences. This type of threats is mainly caused because of any person intentional attacks. This threat mainly caused because of the uses of advanced technology that mainly harms the operation flows (Al-ahmad Mohammad, 2013). It also mainly compromise of different criminal activities as well as hacking technologies that mainly used intentionally to harm the VIC Government Information System. Accidental threats mainly get sorted with the help of different pre-planned actions of all operations depending on information processing at Victorian Government. All types of system flaws, natural disasters, system flaws are types of accidental threats based on the implementation of information system in Victorian Government. Some of deliberate threats are mainly getting caused because of the use of improvised technologies to harm the flow of different operations of VIC Government. According to Zhao, Xue and Whinston, (2013), the storage system device thefts, cyber crimes, hacking, different viruses and malware attacks are some of the deliberate threats to do the implementation of information system in Victorian Government. Both the threats are mentioned rank-wise in the below table: Rank Threat Type Example Explanation Ist Deliberate Hacking and Cyber Crimes, Theft of Storage System Device, Deliberate Data Compromise, Virus and Mal- ware Attack All of these risks are given highest priority due to their severe impact on the information system processing at the VIC Government 2nd Accidental Accidental Data Compromise, Natural Disasters, System Flaws, Unknown File Deletion, etc All these risks are give low priority due to the absence of any critical impact on the operations of information system of VIC Government Security Challenges of VIC information system The execution of information system faces different types of issues based on risk factors and also form generation of different challenges for VIC Government. The occurrence of different smart and proper operations may loose due to different types of issues (Collier Lakoff, 2015). Some of the different factors of challenges for Victorian Government includes system and data challenges, regulatory challenges, modeling challenges. System and Data Challenges: The system as well as data challenges are mainly understood for the information processing and development of various operation related issues for system data and challenges. Karokola, Kowalski and Yngstrm (2013) illustrated that both data and system challenges may resulted to form different issues related to information processing. Regulatory Challenges: Garrick and Hall (2014) opined that all types of regulatory issues of VIC Government becomes crucial as risk assessment techniques that are inter-related with development of different imperative and effective operational techniques. The fabrication of different imperative operation leads to the formation of different factors based on different Victorian Government challenges. Organizational challenges: System development causes direct implication for the proper development of different processes of operational development (Jain Shanbhag, 2012). In addition to this, Wangwe, Eloff and Venter (2012) discussed that some of organizational challenges are mainly developed to do the integration of different limited operational processing. Both smart and effective operations development mainly get slacked based on all identified operational issues. Modeling Challenges: According to Sitaram and Manjunath (2012), all modeling challenges mainly caused because of the implications of various identified errors in the system designing. It also causes issues in performance as well as operational speed of information processing. Apart from that, the information system development processes mainly face different formation issues and system incompatibility issues. Risk vs. Uncertainty in VIC information system The Victorian Government mainly remark the information processing technique to form different improved processes of data processing techniques. Hence, this particular organization mainly faced different risks and uncertainties factors for doing the development and integration (Karokola, Kowalski Yngstrm, 2013). () highlighted that the Victorian Government also faced different security hazards and risks. In addition to this, the comparison of all uncertainties and risks are provided below in the table format: Risks Description: van Deursen, Buchanan and Duff (2013) defined that risk is one of the factor that mainly causes different improper deviation of various operational end product from expected outcomes. The analysis technique mainly shown about the proper risks that plays vital role for the operational development of Victorian Government. Results: the output of risks are mainly become positive as well as negative based on the nature of operations. System of Control: the control system technique is mainly formed to integrate the operational development and also it mainly formed based on implication of different risk management procedures. According to Amin, Schwartz and Hussain (2013), risk management procedures mainly help to control the risk factors impact for Victorian Government. Probability: High probability of occurrence and would have considerable impact on the operations Effect: Impact of the risk is divergent and can be positive and negative. Uncertainties Description: according to Fan, Zhang and Yen (2014), various factors of uncertainties causes various limited and constrictive impacts on different operations. All the uncertainties of all issues related to operations of projects mainly results in the formation important issues. Result: all uncertainties outcomes can causes impact on all functions based on their operational nature of Victorian Government. System of Control: Lack of controlling techniques of operations results to cause various uncertainties of any major issue. Different important steps are considered for the acceptance of changes that leads to uncertainty (Zhao, Xue Whinston, 2013). Probability: less probability of occurrence created considerable impacts on all related functions of VIC Government. Effect: Uncertainties can causes serious impact on all different functional and non-functional operations of VIC Government. Risk Mitigation and Management in VIC Information System Based on the Victorian Government Information system, Al-Hadadi and Al Shidhani, (2013) discussed that risk assessment technique is mainly developed for the formation of improved and accurate procedures risk management and analysis in VIC Government. The Victorian Information System requires various approaches like analysis approach, investigation approach, strategy approach and 5 step procedure approach (Demski, Poortinga Pidgeon, 2014). Below block diagram of risk assessment of VIC Information System is depicted below: Risk Assessment of Victorian Information System Investigation Approach 1. Responsive approach 2. Structure Approach Analysis Approach 1. selection of best option 2. Proper analysis of the option Strategy Approach 1. Determination of proper risk management techniques 2. Development of high-level mitigation strategy 3. Identification of different actions and steps to implement the required mitigation strategies 4. Development of contingency plan of action 5 step procedure Approach 1. Avoid 2. Assume 3. Transfer 4. Control 5. Monitor Figure : Risk Mitigation and Management for VIC Information System References Al-ahmad, W., Mohammad, B. (2013). Addressing Information Security Risks by Adopting Standards. International Journal of Information Security Science, 2(2), 2843. Retrieved from https://eds.a.ebscohost.com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=e1bf8be9-84ad-4d50-91fa-f9414e22825c@sessionmgr4003vid=0hid=4210 Al-Hadadi, M., Al Shidhani, A. (2013). Smartphone security awareness: Time to act. In Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Current Trends in Information Technology, CTIT 2013 (pp. 166171). https://doi.org/10.1109/CTIT.2013.6749496 Amin, S., Schwartz, G., Hussain, A. (2013). In quest of benchmarking security risks to cyber-physical systems. IEEE Network, 27(1), 1924. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2013.6423187 Boyle, P. (2012). Surveillance or Security?: The Risks Posed by New Wiretapping Technologies. Contemporary Sociology, 41(2), 221223. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5vjqkc Boyle, P. (2012). Surveillance or Security?: The Risks Posed by New Wiretapping Technologies. Contemporary Sociology, 41(2), 221223. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5vjqkc Choi, J., Chun, S. A., Cho, J.-W. (2014). Smart SecureGov: Mobile Government Security Framework. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (dg.o 2014) (pp. 9199). https://doi.org/10.1145/2612733.2612756 Collier, S. J., Lakoff, A. (2015). Vital Systems Security: Reflexive Biopolitics and the Government of Emergency. Theory, Culture Society, 32(2), 1951. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276413510050 Demski, C., Poortinga, W., Pidgeon, N. (2014). Exploring public perceptions of energy security risks in the UK. Energy Policy, 66, 369378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.10.079 Fan, J., Zhang, P., Yen, D. C. (2014). G2G information sharing among government agencies. Information and Management, 51(1), 120128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2013.11.001 Garrick, D., Hall, J. W. (2014). Water security and society: Risks, metrics, and Pathways. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 39, 611639. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-013012-093817 Garrick, D., Hall, J. W. (2014). Water security and society: Risks, metrics, and Pathways. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 39, 611639. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-013012-093817 Jain, A. K., Shanbhag, D. (2012). Addressing security and privacy risks in mobile applications. IT Professional, 14(5), 2833. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2012.72 Jain, A. K., Shanbhag, D. (2012). Addressing security and privacy risks in mobile applications. IT Professional, 14(5), 2833. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2012.72 Joseph, R. C. (2012). E-Government meets social media: Realities and risks. IT Professional, 14(6), 915. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2012.89 Karokola, G., Kowalski, S., Yngstrm, L. (2013). Evaluating a framework for securing e-government services - A case of Tanzania. In Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 17921801). https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2013.208 Karokola, G., Kowalski, S., Yngstrm, L. (2013). Evaluating a framework for securing e-government services - A case of Tanzania. In Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 17921801). https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2013.208 Ofgem. (2012). Gas Security of Supply Report. Ofgem report to Government. Ofgem Report to Government. Retrieved from https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/ofgem-publications/40204/gas-sos-report.pdf Sitaram, D., Manjunath, G. (2012). Chapter 7 - Designing Cloud Security. In Moving To The Cloud (pp. 307328). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-59749-725-1.00007-X United Nations. (2012). E-Government Survey 2012. United Nations E-Government Survey 2012. https://doi.org/e-ISBN: 978-92-1-055353-7 van Deursen, N., Buchanan, W. J., Duff, A. (2013). Monitoring information security risks within health care. Computers Security, 37, 3145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2013.04.005 Wangwe, C. K., Eloff, M. M., Venter, L. (2012). A sustainable information security framework for e-Government case of Tanzania. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 18(1), 117131. https://doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2012.661196 Xu, H., Dinev, T. (2012). The security-liberty balance: individuals attitudes towards internet government surveillance. Electronic Government, an International Journal, 9(1), 4663. https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2012.044778 Zhao, X., Xue, L., Whinston, A. B. (2013). Managing Interdependent Information Security Risks: Cyberinsurance, Managed Security Services, and Risk Pooling Arrangements. Journal of Management Information Systems, 30(1), 123152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222300104

Transfer Pricing Mining and Manufacturing

Question: This question is a practical question requiring answers to the questions at the end of the following information. The Complete Mining and Manufacturing Company has several divisions and two of these are involved in the transfer of products. The Cleaning and Scraping Division produces raw Cruden and transfers it to the Processing Division where it is processed into an alloy. The Processing Division then sells it on the open market for $160 per unit. Currently the Complete Mining and Manufacturing Company requires all of the Cruden to be transferred from the Cleaning and Scraping Division to the Processing Division. Currently the Cleaning and Scraping Division produces 400,000 units per year and transfers it all to the Processing Division at total actual manufacturing cost plus 10%. The Cruden can be purchased and sold on the open market for $95 and all that is sent to market can be sold on the market at this price. If the Cleaning and Scraping Division sells the Cruden on the open market it will incur a variable selling cost of $5 per unit . The following details show the unit costs for the C leaning and Scraping and Processing Divisions Cleaning and Scraping Division Processing Division Transfer price from Cleaning and Scraping $77 Direct material 18 5 Direct labour 12 10 Manufacturing overhead 40 25 Total cost per unit 70 117 Manufacturing overhead in Cleaning and Scraping is 25% fixed,75% variable Manufacturing overhead in Processing is 60% fixed,40% variable Required: (a) Explain why transfer prices based on total actual costs are not appropriate as the basis for divisional performance measurement (b)Using the market price as the transfer price, calculate the contribution margin for both divisions. (c) If the Complete Mining and Manufacturing Company were to institute the use of negotiated transfer prices and allow divisions to buy and sell on the open market determine the price range for Cruden that would be acceptable to both divisions. (d)Use the general transfer pricing rule to compute the lowest transfer price that would be acceptable to the Cleaning and Scraping Division? Will this transfer price be the one that the manager of the Cleaning and Scraping Division prefers? Provide an explanation for your answer to this question. Answers: There are three pitfalls of using transfer price based on the total cost of production: Generally, performance of divisions is measured with the contribution margin of the particular division. Generally, by fixing transfer price based on the total cost of production does not account for any value based pricing of product in the market. In our case as transfer pricing is based on the cost plus pricing and way lower than that of prevailing market price of Cruden that is $95, so by doing so company artificially lowed the performance of cleaning and scraping division and on the other end performance of processing unit is exaggerated due to the same. So the best way to determine the performance of each unit is when transfer pricing is taken as market price of the goods. In this case as mentioned the cleaning and scraping division is better off by selling the product in the market rather than selling to the different unit of same company. This is only possible when there is an efficient market of the goods. The other pitfall of using full cost as transfer pricing is issue in analysis of cost behaviour. The full cost consists of variable cost and fixed cost for a particular company. So fixed cost portion of the selling unit is now converted into the variable cost for the buying unit of company. This lead to the wrong decision when analysing the cost of final product for the company. Generally, full actual costs include certain degree of inefficiencies. So if the company is using it as a transfer pricing then often they fail to provide an incentive to the management to control such inefficiencies of the systems. At the same time fixed portion of cost is allocated based on the projected annual production figure and that is just an estimate of actual production. So this will also lead to certain calculation error of getting true transfer price of the product among different units. Contribution margin corresponds to the marginal profit resulted from selling one unit of product. This is calculated as product's price minus variable costs of the manufacturing of the product. The sum total of all the contribution margin represents the profit generated by the company after paying all the fix expenses. Form the given data: Transfer price of Cruden = $95 per unit Cleaning and scraping division processing division Price of the final product sold 95 160 Variable Cost of goods sold* 60 120 (*if fix component of manufacturing cost is not taken in consideration) Contribution margin 35/95 = 36.8% 40/160 = 25.0% so from the calculation we see that contribution margin of each unit will depend on the transfer price of the product. In our case as we have taken market price as transfer price so contribution margin of the cleaning and scraping unit is higher than that of the processing unit division. The reason of this is that transfer price is the variable price of the processing unit and the more it is less will be the contribution margin. When both buying and selling parties involved in the negotiation of transfer pricing then there are different objectives of each parties. The selling parties will not accept any price lower than the lowest transfer price and buying party will not accept any price any price higher than the maximum transfer price. In our case the lowest transfer price is $90 in case of no spare capacity of production and highest transfer price will be equal to the market price of Cruden that is $95. So If Cruden is allowed to trade with open market, then negotiated price will be in the range of $90 - $95 per unit. Explanation: As mentioned that variable cost of selling Cruden in the market for cleaning and scraping division is $5 per unit. So maximum profit per unit this division can earn is $20 by selling in the open market. However, if they sell this product processing division then they can save this amount. On the other end if processing unit wants to buy Cruden from market then they need to pay at least $95 per unit. So they may consider buying Cruden at $95 form cleaning and scraping unit. So negotiated price range is $90-$95 per unit. When we look at the lowest transfer price then we look from the selling division point of view of pricing. In this case there are two scenarios: When division has spare capacity of production When division do not have any spare production capacity The lowest transfer price that selling division happy to sell is: marginal cost + opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is value of best forgone alternatives. So in case of spare capacity opportunity cost is zero and lowest price would be equal to marginal cost of production of product. However, in case of no spare capacity, opportunity cost defined as: Get the market price of product Calculate any additional cost savings if sold internally deduct (ii) from (i) for lowest transfer price In our case the product has $95 market price and $5 saving if it sold internally. So lowest transfer price would be equal to $90 if Cleaning and scraping division does not have any spare capacity. In this case selling division will not make any extra profit by selling product internally or externally. So they are happy to sale at this price. However, in case of spare capacity lowest transfer price is equal to the marginal cost of production of a unit. So in this case Marginal cost = Direct material + Direct labour + Variable overhead = 18 + 12 + 30 = $60 So minimum acceptable transfer pricing for cleaning and scraping unit is $60 per unit. This price will not be acceptable to the division manager as their total cost of production including the fix overhead is more than this price. Also this price is way lower than that of market price of the Cruden and by transferring the product at this price, performance of their unit is negatively seen by the management. Generally managerial compensation is tied up with the profit of the unit and by selling product at this cost their overall compensation will be low. So the manager will more be interested in selling the product at fair market price to the other unit. Bibliography accaglobal, 2016. TRANSFER PRICING. [Online] Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f5/technical-articles/trans-pricing.html [Accessed 10 September 2016]. agrawal, R., 2015. Methods of Transfer Pricing (4 Methods). [Online] Available at: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/accounting/methods-of-transfer-pricing-4-methods/52954/ [Accessed 09 september 2016]. Batra, K., n.d. Transfer price: method of computational at arm's length price. [Online] Available at: https://www.charteredclub.com/transfer-pricing-methods-of-computation-of-arms-length-price/ [Accessed 10 september 2016]. Caplan, D., n.d. MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING: CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES. [Online] Available at: https://classes.bus.oregonstate.edu/spring-07/ba422/management%20accounting%20chapter%2023.htm [Accessed 09 September 2016]. Don Hansen, M. M. L. G., 2007. Transfer Pricing. In: Cost Management: Accounting and Control. s.l.:Cengage Learning, pp. 350-354. Heath, H. . S., n.d. Transfer Pricing. [Online] Available at: https://www.personal.psu.edu/sjh11/BA521/NEW/Class08/TransferPricing.pdf [Accessed 09 September 2016]. Matt, 2015. How to Calculate a Transfer Price Matts Complete Guide. [Online] Available at: https://www.managementaccountingmastery.com/cima-p3-how-to-calculate-a-transfer-price-matts-complete-guide/ [Accessed 09 september 2016]. Ross, S., 2015. How is minimum transfer price calculated?. [Online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/063015/how-minimum-transfer-price-calculated.asp [Accessed 10 September 2016].