Relationship formation Essay Example for Free

Relationship formation raiseA relationship is an encounter with an early(a) person or a group of community that endures over prison term. It happens with celebrities tear down though you dont meet them. Derrick (2008) discovered how these fake relationships (parasocial relationships) could add a safe route for people who prolong a difficult time with real interpersonal relationships. People with low self-esteem sens use parasocial relationships to feel closer to their ideal selves (i.e. the person they would rather be than the person they actually atomic number 18). Relationships are important to social well being. They are characterised by features including the following responsibility, giving,, taking, rules (for e.g. you cant sleep with your friends ex-partner) and roles (best friend, wife, daughter bugger off etc).There are two main theories that explain why relationships are formed. I am acquittance to begin with the reward/need satisfaction model (Byrne and Clov e, 1970) this suggests that both operant and classical conditioning dissolution a part in relationships. This system states that we learn to harmonise with people for positive and enjoyable situations even if they are not directly rewarding us in these instances. In other words, we enter a relationship that rewards us the most or give us the most pleasure. As generally when time is spent with others we have a laugh and feel happy, vibrant and awesome. Whereas when we spend time alone we draw to feel good-for-nothing and lonely to some extent lethargic. in any case, this theory uses conditioning and reinforce handst. Classical conditioning is when we associate with pleasure rather than being directly rewarded. In contrast, operant conditioning is when we are directly rewarded such(prenominal) as through gifts, companionship and sex. Positive reinforcement is when you are rewarded by compliments for example. On the other hand invalidating reinforcement is achieved by taking some thing good away from you such as you flare with your boyfriend but to make the sadness go away from splitting up with your partner by sleeping with someone else or going out with someone else (rebound).Therefore, this relationship is based on negative reinforcement as you are involved in the relationship to take away the upset and sad feelings you have. In addition May and Hamilton (1980) asked female students to say how much they liked the look of male students (strangers), whose photographs they were given. both(prenominal) students viewed them while nice music was being played. Others looked at the photographs while unpleasant music was being played. A comparison (control) group viewed the same pictures, but no music was played. As predicted in the hypothesis, the students who had heard the pleasant music while looking at the photographs liked the men best and rated them more(prenominal) attractive.This and many experiments (e.g. Cunningham, 1998) have shown that positive ef fect (feeling/emotion) can lead to attracter. However this experiment didnt take into account individual differences as participants may like the unpleasant music just as much as the pleasant music. Also doesnt take into account gender differences as the type of music played may not bear on males on their scoring.Overall, the reward/need satisfaction model doesnt take into account that giving may provide people with pleasure rather than just receiving. Hays (1985) found when examining student friendships as much respect was given to rewarding the other person than as being rewarded oneself. Participants in relationships are often more concerned with equity and fairness in rewards and demands than with the desire to maximise their own benefits. Furthermore, this model tends to focus on western cultures hence lacks ecological validity. In non -western cultures you tend to be rewarded for being like everyone else rather than individual so being in a relationship wouldnt be rewardin g in these cultures.Hill (1972) showed that human relationship bonds are very influential resilient not dependent on reinforcement. Indicating social relationships are more commonly found in these countries and show little concern for the receipt of reinforcements. In addition this theory doesnt take into account gender differences as women are more focused on the needs of others, with men it is against their machismo and manliness, who are orientated towards the gratification of their own needs, (Lott, 1994). However it could be argued that meeting the needs of others might be reinforcing in itself.Moreover, the matching hypothesis (Walster et al, 1966) suggests that physical attractiveness is the main thing we look for in a mate and that we are attracted to those that are similar to us. Further research lead to the following main theories socially desirable individuals seek out other socially desirable individuals and matched couples tend to be more palmy than unmatched couples. When we are choosing a mate we are influenced by desirability and the probability of the person reflexion yes (realistic choice). Murstein (1972) supports the theory that physical attractiveness is the main factor when forming a relationship (the matching hypothesis).Murstein argues that individuals initial attraction towards apiece other in the formative stages of a relationship depends on available costs that testify their social desirability (e.g. physical attractiveness). Data collected in the real world shows strong secernate for the matching effect in correlational studies conducted with actual couples (e.g. Murstein 1972, Silverman 1971). In these studies the attractiveness level is measured for each partner for actual couples.